Stories and facts
Ghana's Constitution Day, observed annually on January 7th, holds special significance as it marks the establishment of the fourth republican constitutional dispensation in 1993. This holiday not only acknowledges the pivotal role of the 1992 Constitution in shaping the nation but also commemorates Ghana's continuous efforts to maintain and sustain the fourth republic over the years. In 2024, Constitution Day will be observed on January 8th, as January 7th falls on a Sunday.
Historical background
After enduring the disruption of the first three constitutions by military coups, Ghana adopted the fourth constitution through a referendum on April 28, 1992. The constitution officially came into effect on January 7, 1993. Constitution Day is celebrated annually to recognize the perseverance and commitment to upholding the fourth republic and the birth of the 1992 Constitution.
Constitution Day as a statutory holiday
Enacted into law through the Public Holidays Act of 2001, Section 2 (Act 601), Constitution Day became an official holiday and was first observed on January 7, 2019. The constitution, described as sui generis, serves as the fundamental law of the land, providing a basis for the validity of all other laws, commissions, and omissions. Beyond its legal significance, the Constitution represents the collective will of the people, mirroring their history and embodying hopes for progress.
The significance of constitution Day
The inclusion of Constitution Day in Ghana's public holiday calendar emphasizes the importance of this day in acknowledging the nation's achievements. The rationale for this holiday lies in celebrating the Fourth Republic, which has facilitated the longest period of stable constitutional rule in Ghana's history. With seven (now eight) peaceful presidential and parliamentary elections, the country has successfully experienced the transfer of power between major political parties.
Constitution Day stands as Ghana's most important public holiday, symbolizing political stability and progress achieved under the Fourth Republic. The writers advocate for a renewed focus on educating the public about the Constitution during Constitution Day celebrations, emphasizing its role in sustaining democracy and fostering civic awareness. By promoting an understanding of the 1992 Constitution, Ghana can strengthen its commitment to the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and constitutionalism.
