Stories and facts
The Akan ethnic group is traditionally organized into eight clans: Oyoko (Falcon), Biretuo (Leopard), Aduana (Dog), Asona (Crow), Agona (Parrot), Ekuona (Buffalo), Asakyiri (Vulture), and Asenie (Bat).
In the Asante Kingdom, these clans are well represented within the societal structure, with influential paramount chiefs belonging to each clan. Some chiefs hold the title of Abusua Piesie (Clan Head) and govern notable states and towns.
Historically, ancestors from these clans united to form the largest union of states within the Akan ethnic group, creating the largest nation within Ghana, known as Asante. This name, derived from the phrase "ƐSA-NTI," meaning "Because of War," reflects the origins of the Asante people. Born out of conflict, they were always prepared for war.
In 1701, the first Asante king, Opemsuo Osei Tutu, established a new emblem to signify the nation's independence. He chose the porcupine, known as "KƆTƆKƆ," as the national totem.
The porcupine, with its threatening appearance and array of sharp spikes for defense, symbolized the Asante's readiness to protect themselves from all angles. This philosophy of relentless defense and resilience earned the Asante the accolade "Asante Kotoko, Kum apem a, apem beba," meaning "Kill a thousand, a thousand will rise," likening the people to the porcupine's quills.
There is also a belief that the accolade refers to "Nkrane" (Soldier Ants). These ants, known for their legion-like movement, inspired the saying "Nkrane krakatenpobi kɔtɔkɔ, wo kum apem a apem bɛba." This comparison highlights the warrior-like tenacity of the Asante people, who, like soldier ants, fight tirelessly.
The unity and warrior spirit of the Asante are deeply embedded in their identity. Each clan's totem represents the family's philosophy, while the porcupine totem symbolizes the collective resilience and fighting spirit of the Asante nation.
The Asante, born out of war, embody the porcupine's defensive strength, ready to fight to their last breath to protect themselves and their heritage.
