Stories and facts

The Larabanga Mosque, located in the village of Larabanga, Ghana, stands as a testament to the rich architectural heritage of the region. The Larabanga Mosque is located in the town of Larabanga in the West Gonja District of the Savannah Region in Ghana, West Africa. The exact coordinates of the mosque are approximately 9.5543°N latitude and 1.3127°W longitude. Larabanga is situated about 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) south of the Mole National Park, which is another popular tourist destination in Ghana. It has earned the moniker of the "Mecca of West Africa" and has captured the attention of heritage conservation organizations like the World Monuments Fund (WMF).

A legendary origin

The history of the Larabanga Mosque dates back to 1421, according to a local legend. An Islamic trader named Ayuba had a dream while staying near a "Mystic Stone," instructing him to construct a mosque. To his surprise, Ayuba found that the foundations were already in place when he awoke. He proceeded to fulfil his vision, resulting in the creation of this historic mosque. Ayuba requested to be buried near the mosque, and a baobab tree, believed to have grown from his grave, stands next to the mosque to this day. The tree holds significance to the townsfolk, who rely on its leaves and stem for healing purposes.

The sacred Quran

Within the mosque, an old Quran holds great significance for the local community. Believed to be a heavenly gift from 1650, the Quran serves as a spiritual treasure, symbolizing the devotion of previous generations.

The spiritual hub of West Africa

Unlike urban mosques in West Africa, the Larabanga Mosque is relatively small and was conceived by a single marabout (Islamic scholar). It drew inspiration from architectural styles seen in the Great Mosque of Djenné and incorporated large buttresses to compensate for the lower quality of building materials available. Larabanga is not only the oldest mosque in Ghana but also one of the eight ancient and highly revered mosques in the country. It serves as a place of pilgrimage and is considered a spiritual hub in West Africa.

Preservation challenges and restoration efforts

Over the years, the Larabanga Mosque has undergone several renovations and restoration works to combat the effects of weathering. In the 1970s, a well-intentioned but misguided attempt to protect the mosque using a sand and cement mixture led to significant damage. Moisture trapped in the adobe walls caused deterioration, and termites infested the wooden supports. Part of the mosque collapsed during repair work, leading to distortions in its structure and exterior.

Reviving the Mosque

Recognizing the importance of preserving this architectural gem, the WMF placed the mosque on its 2002 World Monuments Watch. The Ghana Museums and Monuments Board sought the expertise of CRAterre, an architectural firm from France specializing in earthen structures, to restore the mosque. The restoration project received support from the WMF, with a grant from American Express, as well as contributions from the local community. The restoration process involved removing the earlier cement plaster, replacing wooden elements, reconstructing the minaret and mihrab, and plastering the surfaces using traditional techniques. This restoration not only revived the mosque but also emphasized the importance of adobe maintenance, preserving traditional knowledge for future generations.

Sudanic-Sahelian architecture

The Larabanga Mosque showcases the Sudanic-Sahelian architectural style common in the Northern and Savannah Regions of Ghana. Constructed using wattle and daub techniques with locally sourced materials, the mosque measures approximately 8 meters by 8 meters. It features two pyramidal towers - one housing the mihrab facing Mecca, forming the eastern facade, and the other serving as a minaret in the northeast corner. Twelve conical buttresses, reinforced with timber elements, support the external walls. The mosque is characterized by its "flat-footed adobe architecture," adorned with a whitewash.

While the Larabanga Mosque's historical value is undeniable, some visitors have found its overall appeal diminished. In comparison to other mosques in the region, such as the unique Woriyanga or Banda Nkwanta, Larabanga Mosque lacks distinctive features. Additionally, the presence of a plain cinder-block building constructed nearby to accommodate segregated prayer for women has affected the visual appeal of the historic mosque.

Safety tips for visitors

Safety is a priority in Larabanga, and measures have been taken to ensure visitors' well-being. The Larabanga Mosque is generally a peaceful and secure place to visit, but it's important to take necessary precautions for your safety. Here are some tips: respect local customs, follow the guidelines provided, be mindful of your belongings, choose reputable guides, watch out for scams, stay informed about local conditions, and respect the local community. By following these tips, you can have a safe and enjoyable visit to the Larabanga Mosque.

Accommodation options at the Mosque

When looking for accommodation near the Larabanga Mosque, options include local guesthouses and small lodges in the village itself or nearby. Another option is staying at accommodations within Mole National Park, which is close to the mosque and offers various lodging options. Additionally, Tamale, the largest city in northern Ghana, located south of Larabanga, provides a wider selection of accommodations, making it a convenient base for exploring the region and visiting the mosque on day trips.

Despite these minor shortcomings, the Larabanga Mosque remains a cultural gem in Ghana's West Africa. Its rich history, architectural significance, and ongoing preservation efforts contribute to its status as a revered site of worship and pilgrimage. The mosque stands as a testament to the region's architectural heritage and serves as a source of inspiration for the preservation of other historical landmarks.