Stories and facts
Erected in the 19th century, long after the transatlantic slave trade was abolished, Gwollu's double-ringed wall was a defensive structure built by the Sisalla people to protect their community from local slave raiders and notorious warlords.
Historical Significance
Gwollu's slave defense wall was constructed in response to incessant attacks by slave raiders, including infamous warlords Babatu and Samori. Built voluntarily by the community, the wall consisted of sturdy mud and grass bricks, featuring triangular spaces for lookouts. Each wall took two to three years to complete and proved successful in deterring raids. The wall stands as a testament to the organized resistance and fight against the slave trade, providing invaluable historical evidence of Ghana's role in combating slavery. Located approximately 70km north of Wa in the Upper West region of Ghana, Gwollu holds a poignant reminder of the ancient slave routes that passed through the region. The remnants of the slave defense wall bear witness to the 300-year-long slave trade, leaving behind indelible landmarks that shape the town's identity. This historical connection to the slave trade highlights the significance of Gwollu in understanding Ghana's past and its enduring struggle against slavery.
Exploring Gwollu
Visiting Gwollu requires travellers to first greet the chief and seek permission for a tour. Interacting with the amicable chief provides an opportunity to learn about the town's history and its community. A small donation is requested to support the wall's upkeep, and visitors may be suggested to offer a libation at the grave of former president Dr Hilla Limann, located within the chief's compound. Photography is allowed at the slave wall, but permission must be obtained to capture images within the chief's palace, as certain areas containing shrines and tombs are off-limits.
Challenges
Despite its historical importance, Gwollu faces significant challenges in attracting tourists due to its remote location and lack of infrastructure. Situated near the Burkina Faso border, Gwollu is one of the northernmost towns in Ghana. Travelling to Gwollu involves navigating poor roads, with a 150km drive from Navrongo to Tumu to Gwollu taking approximately 4-5 hours. Public transportation options, such as local buses and trotros, may extend the travel time to 8+ hours. The town's isolation and limited accessibility hinder the development of tourism in this historically significant location.
Gwollu's slave defense wall stands as a significant historical monument, representing the resistance against the slave trade in Ghana. This remote community near the Ghana-Burkina Faso border holds valuable evidence of organized efforts to protect the town and its residents from slave raiders. While challenges in terms of tourism and infrastructure persist, Gwollu's historical importance should not be underestimated. Preserving and acknowledging the legacy of the slave defense wall is crucial in honouring the victims of slavery and promoting a deeper understanding of Ghana's history.
